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Log Book for February 13, 2002
Geology Report
Jennifer Heldmann Reporting

  • Waypoint 38: This site is at the bottom of the canyon at the head of the canyon. Most of the wall of the head of the canyon is composed of a thick conglomerate layer. The conglomerate is very poorly sorted and contains very large clasts (up to several inches in diameter). The conglomerate extends to the top of the rim but is intermixed with sandstone deposits. However, these sandstone deposits are not well layered or stratified; lenses of sandstone often pinch-out and grade into the conglomerate layer. Pure sandstone is found at the base of the outcrop as large boulders protruding onto the canyon floor. These boulders showed layering which was not symmetric or continuous over the entire rock location. Samples of the conglomerate and sandstone were collected and the region was digitally imaged.
  • Waypoint 39: The west canyon wall just down from the canyon head is again a thick outcrop of conglomerate rock with lenses of sandstone layers. The conglomerate is non-uniform with different regions of concentrations of different sized clasts. The sandstone is medium-grained with prominent cross-bedding. The bottom portion of the outcrop is sandstone but is covered by a layer of conglomerate particles and rock fragments. This outcrop extends higher than the head of the canyon. The sandstone and conglomerate layers are approximately 10 feet thick each. This outcrop was digitally imaged.
  • Waypoint 40: The canyon is slightly wider at this location and the walls are still composed of conglomerate and sandstone layers. Parts of the canyon wall are unconsolidated green sand mixed with conglomerate clasts. There is much debris littering the bottom of the canyon floor including conglomerate rocks and sandstone. Also on the canyon floor were some interesting blue rocks which were collected for further analysis.
  • Waypoint 41: This site is located just around the first bend of Lith Canyon. The top of the outcrop is sandstone which is not mixed with the underlying conglomerate layer. These upper sandstone layers are tilted ~45(. The layers are not uniform in thickness and undulate with a wavelength of ~4-5 feet. The sandstone is followed by a layer of conglomerate with very large clasts, followed by a tilted, cross-bedded layer of smaller clast conglomerate and medium grained sandstone. This sandstone is very hard and well-consolidated. The northern wall of the canyon, however, is different. The large sandstone and conglomerate outcrops were not observed, but instead the walls are made of a gray unconsolidated conglomerate material with gullies running down from the rim of the canyon. Some sandstone slabs are seen at the top of the rim but are not as thick as the deposits on the other side of the canyon. Samples of the sandstone and the large conglomerate clasts from the southern wall as well as the unconsolidated material from the northern wall were collected. The region was digitally imaged as well.
  • Waypoint 43: The caprock at this outcrop is a well-consolidated sandstone that is not evenly layered. One large lens of red mudstone is protruding into the sandstone layer. The sandstone is followed by a then (several inch) green mudstone, followed by a layer of red mudstone (~3 feet), green mudstone (~6 inches), then mixed sandstone and conglomerate (~8 feet). Uneven lensing and tilting of the layers is evident. A thin 1/2 inch veneer of flaky red dry mud material coats the bottom portion of the outcrop. Samples of this red coating on the outcrop as well as several multicolored rocks found at the base of the canyon were collected. This site was digitally imaged.
  • Waypoint 45 (top of secondary canyon) and Waypoint 46 (bottom of secondary canyon)
At this point the floor of the canyon drops approximately 30 feet and then continues downstream. Large boulders have fallen down from the sides of the canyon (sizes of the boulders vary but an average of ~6 feet in diameter is reasonable). The boulders are mainly pure, well-consolidated sandstone, although a few boulders were composed of small-clast conglomerate. The rim of the canyon is mainly sandstone (~4 feet thick), followed by a layer of red mudstone (~3 feet), more sandstone (~5 feet), then layered mudstone and sandstone (alternating layers of ~1-3 feet thickness). No cross-bedding or lensing was observed here. The walls of the canyon are mainly composed of a red mudstone which has vertical striations showing evidence of runoff from the top of the rim. The head of the canyon is undercut, allowing the eventual collapse of the sandstone layer which then tumbles down to the canyon bottom. The mudstone is clearly being undercut which causes the more resistant sandstone to protrude as ledge-like features (~2 feet thick) over the canyon. Numerous intriguing rocks of a variety of colors (red, green, purple, blue, yellow, orange, white, gray, brown) were collected from the canyon floor. Evidence of metamorphosed and igneous rock was also observed for the first time and collected. The region was also digitally imaged.

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