Human Factors Research: Overall, the human factors study (entitled " Occupational Psychosocial Factors in Moon/Mars Analogues") went well. Complete data analysis (after data entry and data cleaning) will take several months; however, initial response rate looks favorable.

"Open" Consent Policy: Although the official informed consent meeting was held on Day 01, participants were encouraged to ask questions of the researcher at any time. The researcher completed the same consent and survey process and was an active part of the group discussion. Future human factors researchers at MDRS are encouraged to take an "open consenting" procedure when working with participant crewmembers.

Overview: Human factors research, which was initiated on Day 01, went very well. Participants gave both content-related suggestions and suggestions on layout and spelling. It will take 6-12 months to analyze the data (this will be shared in the form of peer-reviewed article submissions to the following journals: Acta Astronautica; Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine; Habitat; and others. Additional conference presentations are planned.

Surveys: The "prime" crew (Peter, Laurel, Guido, Steven, and William) completed their surveys diligently. I am very thankful for their time and effort. Many grammatical, spelling, and linguistic errors were pointed out. The survey was planned for 13 days, but cut short at 12.5 days because of necessary change in crew departure schedules.

Thorns 'n' Roses: We conducted 11 sessions of this evening group sharing activity. The activity was skipped on some night due to "shift" dinners and crew fatigue. The general consensus was that Thorns 'n' Roses was a valuable part of the evening routine (and essential to psychosocial well-being).

Focus Groups: Only one focus group was conducted (3-4 had been planned). The first focus group was brief, but provided some useful information. Familiarity with the focus group way of conducting a group discussion was low. Subsequent focus groups were canceled due to lack of interest, time constraints, In lieu of the remaining two planned Focus Groups, data was collected through less formal modes.

Semi-Structure Individual Crewmember Interview: Because of researcher fatigue, the individual crewmember interviews were canceled. Much of the information that was to be collected during the private interviews was collected during informal conversations with crewmembers. In the end, the interviews were not completely necessary.

Observations: Daily observations (made by both crewmembers and the researcher) were noted in the field notes of this study. These will be integrated into the published report. Various crewmembers offered personal human factors insights directly to the research. Having an onsite (versus offsite) researcher was very valuable. Offsite human factors studies work as well, but they may lack a certain qualitative aspect that is essential in complex isolated, confined, and extreme environments.

Last minute changes requested by MDRS Remote Science Team, MDRS Mission Support Director, and Mars Society Founder: The affected part of the survey was admittedly more relevant to crews on long term missions to Mars or the Moon when stresses reasonably managed over a two-week period, might have considerable long term disruptive consequences. This Researcher and the Crew Commander feel that this area of research must be pursued sooner or later. Alternative locations are being explored for data collection. Initial discussions with Dr. Sheryl Bishop have occurred about automating and fully computerizing the survey portion of the of the study. An overall human factors and human research participation plan is needed. At present, not all human factors are adequately researched at MDRS.

Future Implications/Recommendations to a Moonbase or Marsbase:

1. Have a Human Factors Engineer as part of the Onsite Engineering Team
2. Examine the benefits/consequences of splitting/redistributing the roles of Health, Safety, and Wellness Officer.
3. Take an evidence-based approach to crew selection. In other words, instead of saying "nobody over 60 will be allowed to participate," look at the injury data and epidemiology of how various groups perform in isolated, confined, and extreme environments.
4. Explore the benefits/consequences of actively recruiting married couples and individuals in long-term relationships for participation in teams.